Kubernetes是Google在2014年6月开源的一个容器集群管理系统，使用Go语言开发，Kubernetes也叫K8S。
K8S是Google内部一个叫Borg的容器集群管理系统衍生出来的，Borg已经在Google大规模生产运行十年之久。
K8S主要用于自动化部署、扩展和管理容器应用，提供了资源调度、部署管理、服务发现、扩容缩容、监控等一整套功能。
2015年7月，Kubernetes v1.0正式发布，截止到2017年9月29日最新稳定版本是v1.8。
Kubernetes目标是让部署容器化应用简单高效。
官方网站：www.kubernetes.io
Kubernetes主要功能：
数据卷
Pod中容器之间共享数据，可以使用数据卷。
应用程序健康检查
容器内服务可能进程堵塞无法处理请求，可以设置监控检查策略保证应用健壮性。
复制应用程序实例
控制器维护着Pod副本数量，保证一个Pod或一组同类的Pod数量始终可用。
弹性伸缩
根据设定的指标（CPU利用率）自动缩放Pod副本数。
服务发现
使用环境变量或DNS服务插件保证容器中程序发现Pod入口访问地址。
负载均衡
一组Pod副本分配一个私有的集群IP地址，负载均衡转发请求到后端容器。在集群内部其他Pod可通过这个ClusterIP访问应 用。
滚动更新
更新服务不中断，一次更新一个Pod，而不是同时删除整个服务。
服务编排
通过文件描述部署服务，使得应用程序部署变得更高效。
资源监控
Node节点组件集成cAdvisor资源收集工具，可通过Heapster汇总整个集群节点资源数据，然后存储到InfluxDB时序数据库， 再由Grafana展示。
提供认证和授权
支持属性访问控制（ABAC）、角色访问控制（RBAC）认证授权策略。
基本对象概念
基本对象：
Pod
Pod是最小部署单元，一个Pod有一个或多个容器组成，Pod中容器共享存储和网络，在同一台Docker主机上运行。
nService
Service一个应用服务抽象，定义了Pod逻辑集合和访问这个Pod集合的策略。
Service代理Pod集合对外表现是为一个访问入口，分配一个集群IP地址，来自这个IP的请求将负载均衡转发后端Pod中的容器。
Service通过LableSelector选择一组Pod提供服务。
Volume
数据卷，共享Pod中容器使用的数据。
Namespace
命名空间将对象逻辑上分配到不同Namespace，可以是不同的项目、用户等区分管理，并设定控制策略，从而实现多租户。
命名空间也称为虚拟集群。
Lable
标签用于区分对象（比如Pod、Service），键/值对存在；每个对象可以有多个标签，通过标签关联对象。
基于基本对象更高层次抽象：
ReplicaSet
下一代ReplicationController。确保任何给定时间指定的Pod副本数量，并提供声明式更新等功能。
RC与RS唯一区别就是lableselector支持不同，RS支持新的基于集合的标签，RC仅支持基于等式的标签。
Deployment
Deployment是一个更高层次的API对象，它管理ReplicaSets和Pod，并提供声明式更新等功能。
官方建议使用Deployment管理ReplicaSets，而不是直接使用ReplicaSets，这就意味着可能永远不需要直接操作 ReplicaSet对象。
StatefulSet
StatefulSet适合持久性的应用程序，有唯一的网络标识符（IP），持久存储，有序的部署、扩展、删除和滚动更新。
DaemonSet
DaemonSet确保所有（或一些）节点运行同一个Pod。当节点加入Kubernetes集群中，Pod会被调度到该节点上运行，当节点 从集群中移除时，DaemonSet的Pod会被删除。删除DaemonSet会清理它所有创建的Pod。
Job
一次性任务，运行完成后Pod销毁，不再重新启动新容器。还可以任务定时运行。
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